Healthy People 2020 provides definitions of "social determinants of health", "health disparity", and "health inequity," which aims to assess and work to eliminate health disparities over the next decade.

In this TED Talk, Dr. Alyson McGregor discusses how the exclusion of women in clinical research has led to adverse outcomes for women, and how including women in clinical trials could help identify sex-specific adverse effects before drugs are released to the market. Read more from her on why incorporating sex and gender into medicine is so critical in this article from the Annals of Emergency Medicine.

This important retrospective cohort study on crash data from 1998-2008 found that the odds for a belt-restrained female driver to sustain severe injuries were 47% higher than those for a belt-restrained male driver involved in a comparable crash, largely because the seatbelt was designed and tested only on male subjects.

In this podcast, Serena Williams talks about post-partum complications after the birth of her daughter, Olympia, in this podcast episode. She is joined by Dr. Janine Clayton, Director of the Office of Research on Women's Health at NIH, and Dr. Esther Choo, EM Physician, who discuss the lack of representation in clinical research and evidence-based therapies for women.

This article highlights how the gender data gap has created gender disparities in multiple areas from pharmaceutical research to automobile design. The failure to include individuals different than the typical "reference man" and to disaggregate gender data when women are included in studies, contributes to a world that is more hazardous for and less accomodating to women.

Dr. Judith Lichtman discusses her study with NPR which found that young women were hesitant to present their symptoms of a heart attack to their healthcare providers, worrying they would be seen as hypochondriacs. Dr. Nisha Parikh, a UCSF cardiologist, also comments offering her own clinical anectodal experience consistent with these findings.

Dr. Dara Kass discusses the landmark article by Yusuke Tsugawa that found that female internists had lower mortality rates and lower readmission rates when compared to their male internist counterparts.

In the US, black infant mortality continues to be much higher than white infant mortality. Research shows that the race of the physician impacts black maternal and infant outcomes. This episode explores potential solutions to persistent racial and gender inequities.

Based on a retrospective study of ED admission in Florida hospitals, this article posits that gender concordance between the patient and physician increases likelihood of survival after heart attacks. Specifically, there was increased mortality when male physicians treated female patients with acute myocardial infarction.

Discussion with Dr Elizabeth Samuels and Dr Michelle Forcier highlighting some of the unique challenges that transgender individuals may face in seeking healthcare, as well as some suggested best practices for how to effectively and respectfully communicate with transgender patients.

This newspaper article discusses a series of peer-reviewed studies that suggest female physicians have better outcomes than male physicians, and interview several of the study authors to discuss possible reasons behind these differences. The author hypothesizes that the differences in communication styles between men and women may partially explain their differences in outcomes. This is also notable due to skill in shared decision making, also noted in this Feminem article: https://feminem.org/2016/08/22/female-decision-making/

This meta-analysis looks at gender differences in communication practices with patients, finding that women tended to engage in more positive talk, ask more psychosocial questions, discuss emotions, and demonstrate more partnership building behaviors.

In this cross-sectional study of physician survey data looking at male versus female physician prevention practices, female physicians were more likely to dicuss physical activity, sexual behavior, violence, and use of substances other than alcohol with their patients than their male counterparts.